Gabriele
D’Annunzio
(born March 12, 1863,
Pescara, Italy—died March 1, 1938, Gardone Riviera, Italy)
Italian poet, novelist, dramatist,
short-story writer, journalist, military hero, and political leader, the
leading writer of Italy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
ガブリエーレ・ダンヌンツィオ（ダヌンツィオ、ダンヌンチオ、ダヌンチオとも表記）は、イタリアの詩人、作家、劇作家。ファシスト運動の先駆とも言える政治的活動を行ったことで有名である。第一次大戦後、国家主義運動に参加。イタリアの耽美派の代表者。官能性とモラルとの葛藤を英雄主義により克服しようとし、三島由紀夫ら日本の作家にも多大の影響を与えた。
As the son of a politically prominent and wealthy Pescara landowner,
D’Annunzio was educated at the University of Rome. When D’Annunzio was 16 his
first poems were published. The autobiographical novel Il piacere (The Child of Pleasure, 1889) introduces the first of
D’Annunzio’s passionate Nietzschean-superman heroes. He had already become
famous when his best-known novel, Il
trionfo della morte (The Triumph of Death, 1894), appeared. D’Annunzio
continued his prodigious literary production until World War I.
New plays and a novel followed, but these failed to finance
D’Annunzio’s extravagant lifestyle, and his indebtedness forced him to flee to
France in 1910. When World War I broke out, he returned to Italy to
passionately urge his country’s entry into the war. After Italy declared war he
plunged into the fighting himself. D’Annunzio’s literary works are marked by
their egocentric perspective, their fluent and melodious style, and an
overriding emphasis on the gratification of the senses, whether through the
love of women or of nature.
Year of Publication
Year
|
Original Italian Titles
|
English Titles
|
Japanese
|
1897
|
Il
sogno d'un mattino di primavera
|
The
Dream of a Spring Morning, tragic poem, 1 act;
prose, published in 1897, and produced at the Théâtre de la Renaissance, Paris,
on June 15, 1897 and at the Teatro Valle, Rome, on January 11, 1898.
|
春暁夢、春曙夢1927小山内薫訳（『世界戯曲全集37』）
|
1898
|
La citta
morta
|
The
Dead City, tragedy in 5 acts, published in 1898,
and produced at the Théàtre de la Renaissance, Paris, (in French as La ville morte), on January 21, 1898,
and at the Teatro Lirico, Milan, on March 20, 1901
|
死んだ市、死都（愛人のドゥーゼが主役を演じた）
|
1898
|
Il
sogno d'un tramonto d'autunno
|
The
Dream of an Autumn Sunset, Tragic poem, 1 act;
prose, which were meant to arouse an apathetic Italian audience with what he
considered a new genre, published in 1898 and produced at the Teatro Rossini,
Leghorn, on Dec. 2, 1905
|
秋暁夢、秋夕夢1927森鴎外訳（『世界戯曲全集37』）
|
1899
|
La
Gioconda
|
La
Gioconda, tragedy in four acts, published in 1899 and produced at the Teatro
Bellini, Palermo, on Apr. 15, 1899. It was adapted for film three times in the
silent era and as a Mexican film in 1951.
|
ジョコンダ1927長谷川牧夫訳（『世界戯曲全集37』）
|
1899
|
La
gloria
|
Glory, tragedy in five acts, published in 1899 and produced at the
Teatro Mercadante, Naples, on April 27, 1899
|
光栄
|
1902
|
Francesca
da Rimini
|
Francesca
da Rimini, tragedy in five acts, which tells the
story of how Francesca da Rimini falls in love with her husband's brother in
the 13th century. The play is based on an episode from Dante Alighieri's
Inferno. It was written for D'Annunzio's lover Eleonora Duse, who played the
title role in the original production on December 9, 1901. An English
translation by Arthur Symons was published in 1902.
|
フランチェスカ・ダ・リミーニ（神曲に材を取った、愛人のドゥーゼが主役）
|
1904
|
La
figlia di Iorio
|
The
Daughter of Iorio, pastoral tragedy in three acts,
written in 1903, based on the painting Daughter of Iorio (1895) by Michetti,
is his most successful play. Published in 1904 and premiered at Teatro Lirico
in Milan, on March 2, 1904. The play is written in verse and has elements of
local dialect, proverbs and traditional rhymes from Abruzzo. It tells the
tragic story of the love between a young female outcast and a shepherd who is
being married off to a woman he does not love. It is usually called
D’Annunzio’s masterpiece and has often been revived.
|
イオリオの娘
|
1905
|
La
fiaccola sotto il moggio
|
The
Torch under the Bushel Basket, tragedy in four
acts, published in 1905 and produced at Teatro Manzoni, Milan, on March 27,
1905. It was adapted for film twice in the silent
era.
|
モリジオの下の炬火
|
1907
|
Più
che 1'amore
|
More
than Love, tragedy, with two episodes, published in 1907 and produced at Teatro
Costanzi, Rome, on October 29, 1906.
|
愛するよりも強く
|
1908
|
La
nave
|
The
Ship, tragedy, prologue and three episodes, published
in 1908 and produced at Teatro Argentina, Rome, on January 11, 1908. The Ship was hymns to Italian
greatness. On opening night, the crowd spilled onto the street singing the
play's refrain, "Arm the prow and set sail for the world!"
|
海船
|
1909
|
Fedra
|
Phaedra, tragedy in three acts, published in 1909 and produced at Teatro
Lirico, Milan, on April 10, 1909.
|
フェードラ
|
1910
|
ピーサの少女
|
||
1911
|
Le
Martyre de saint Sébastien
|
The
Martyrdom of St. Sebastian, mystery in five acts,
written in French. Published 1911. Produced Paris, Châtelet, May 27, 1911;
Milan, La Scala, Mar. 4, 1926. This musical mystery play is on the subject of
Saint Sebastian, with a text written in 1911 by G. D'Annunzio and incidental
music by the French composer Claude Debussy. The work is still performed
because of the celebrated music.
|
聖セバスチャンの殉教 霊験劇・名画集1966三島由紀夫/池田弘太郎訳（美術出版社）
|
1913
|
Parisina
|
Parisian,
lyric tragedy in four acts, published in 1913 and
first produced at La Scala, Milan, on December 15, 1913.
|
パリの女
|
La
Pisanelle ou la mort parfumée (in French)
|
Pisanelle or scented death?, a colorful
and hybrid work, premiered at the Châtelet Theater on June 13, 1913. The work
expressed d’Annunzio’s intention to confront Latinity and Orientalism.
|
||
1914
|
鉄
|
||
1914
|
Cabiria
|
Cabiria is a 1914 Italian epic silent film, directed by Giovanni Pastrone
and shot in Turin. The film is set in ancient Sicily, Carthage, and Cirta
during the period of the Second Punic War (218–202 BC). D'Annunzio contributed to the screenplay,
writing all of the intertitles, naming the characters and the movie itself.
|
カビーリア
|
1914
|
Le
chèvrefeuille (in French)
|
The
Honeysuckle, tragedy in three acts, published in
Paris in 1914 and produced at the Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin, Paris, on
Dec. 14, 1913 and at the Teatro Carignano, Turin, on Jan. 27, 1914
|
|
1920
|
La
crociata degli innocenti
|
The
Children's Crusade, published in 1920 and produced
at the Teatro delle Arti, Rome, on October 1, 1948
|
